1951-80 MONTHLY NORMALS ALL ELEMENTS

                             TD-9641
 
 
Parameters which make up this data set are monthly and annual normal 
values of temperature and precipitation, heating and cooling degree days,
and standard deviations of temperature (monthly and annual).

Normals for National Weather Service offices and principal climatological
stations are computed by simply averaging the values from the 1951-80 
record, if no exposure changes have occurred at the station.  Since it is 
not possible to maintain a multi-purpose network of meteorological stations
without having some exposure changes, it is first necessary to identify and
evaluate these changes and then make adjustments for them if necessary.
After the periods of heterogeneity have been determined, adjustments are 
applied to remove the heterogeneities introduced into the mean.  This is
done by comparing the record at the station for which the normal is desired
to the record at a supplementary station with a homogeneous record which 
covers the heterogeneous period at the base station.  The difference method 
is applied to the monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures and the
ratio method to the monthly precipitation.  A weighted average of the various
partial means of the adjusted and unadjusted record is then prepared to give
the normal.  

Monthly substation normals are the simple arithmetic averages of the monthly 
values of temperature and precipitation for the period 1951-80.  They were
computed only for substations active during the entire period.  No attempt 
was made to adjust for minor changes in location of the observing site,
or for changes in the time of observation.  Normals wete not computed
for substations which moved a significant distance during the 1951-80
period, (more than 5 miles horizontally, or 100 ft vertically).  Missing
values in the data series were estimated up to a maximum of 18 consecutive
temperature values and 24 consecutive precipitation values.  Annual 
substation normals are the averages of the monthly temperature normals and 
the sums of the 12 monthly precipitation normals.

ELEMENT                                       WIDTH     POSITION 

STATION                                         6        001-006
DATA INDICATOR                                  2        007-008
BLANK                                           5        009-013
VALUE (JAN)                                     5        014-018
INDICATOR (JAN)                                 1        019-019
      .
      .
      .
VALUE (DEC)                                     5        080-084
INDICATOR (DEC)                                 1        085-085
ANNUAL NORMAL VALUE                             6        086-091
ANNUAL INPUT INDICATOR                          1        092-092


DATA INDICATOR: 10 = MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (AVERAGE OF 30 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES)
                11 = MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (HIGHEST OF 30 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES)
                12 = MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (LOWEST OF 30 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES)
                13 = STANDARD DEVIATION OF 30 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES
                20 = MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (AVERAGE OF 30 MINIMUM TEMPERATURES)
                21 = MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (HIGHEST OF 30 MINIMUM TEMPERATURES)
                22 = MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (LOWEST OF 30 MINIMUM TEMPERATURES)
                23 = STANDARD DEVIATION OF 30 MINIMUM TEMPERATURES
                30 = MEAN TEMPERATURE (AVERAGE OF 30 MEAN TEMPERATURES)
                31 = MEAN TEMPERATURE (HIGHEST OF 30 MEAN TEMPERATURES)
                32 = MEAN TEMPERATURE (LOWEST OF 30 MEAN TEMPERATURES)
                33 = STANDARD DEVIATION OF 30 MEAN TEMPERATURES
                40 = PRECIPITATION (AVERAGE OF 30 PRECIPITATIONS)
                41 = PRECIPITATION (HIGHEST OF 30 PRECIPITATIONS)
                42 = PRECIPITATION (LOWEST OF 30 PRECIPITATIONS)
                50 = HEATING DEGREE DAYS (BASE 65F)
                60 = COOLING DEGREE DAYS (BASE 65F)

                 
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL INPUT INDICATOR:  
* = MORE THAN 5 INPUT VALUES ESTIMATED
E = DATA WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY ESTIMATED
M = IF LESS THAN 10 DAYS OF RECORD IS MISSING, THE AVERAGE VALUE IS ENTERED
D = WATER EQUIVALENT OF SNOWFALL IS WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY ESTIMATED
A = PRECIPITATION VALUE ADJUSTED BY THE RATIO METHOD

TEMPERATURE (NORMALS AND STANDARD DEVIATION) UNITS ARE DEGREES F AND TENTHS 
PRECIPITATION UNITS ARE INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS

NORMALS FIELDS ARE SIGNED IN HIGH ORDER IF NECESSARY

SOME FIRST-ORDER STATIONS DO NOT HAVE CODES 11,12,13,21,22,23,31,32,41 AND 42
SOME STATIONS WILL BE PRECIPITATION STATIONS ONLY

DATA ARE IN STATE-STATION SORT